CARBOHYDRATES



What are CARBOHYDRATES?


Carbohydrates are a substance that has the main function of giving energy to all living organisms. It comes from plants by photosynthesis and plays a crucial role in the human daily diet. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are found in carbohydrates. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of carbohydrates.



TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES



  • Monosaccharides

 

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From the word itself, "mono" means one sugar unit. These types of carbohydrates are not broken down into smaller units when undergoing hydrolysis. It is colorless and has crystalline compounds. It is soluble in water and has a sweet taste. 


It reacts at high temperatures to form brown pigments, flavors and aromas within characterized foods via non-enzymatic processes known as Maillard browning and caramelization reactions.


Monosaccharides includes: 

  • Glucose - Blood Sugar

  • Galactose - Dairy Products 

  • Fructose - Fruit Sugar 


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  • Disaccharides 



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It is also known as oligosaccharides, which means few. It consists of two sugar units. It consists of two monosaccharides joined together through condensation. Unlike monosaccharides, it is less sweet in taste and less soluble in water. It consists of two monosaccharides joined together through condensation.


Disaccharides includes:

  • Maltose or  Malt Sugar = Glucose + Glucose 

  • Sucrose or Home Sugar = Glucose + Fructose

  • Lactose or Milk Sugar = Glucose  + Galactose 



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  • Polysaccharides


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It is composed of more sugar units because it is made up of long chains of monosaccharides. They are also known as glycans. When polysaccharides are made up of the same monosaccharides, they are called "homoglycans." If they are not, they are called "heteroglycans."


Homoglycans include:


  • Starch: plants' storage of energy 

  • Glycogen: animals' storage of energy 

  • Cellulose: found mostly in the cell walls of plants

  • Chitin: protective covering of shrimp, lobsters, and crab


Why are carbohydrates important in our diet?

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        Carbohydrates are needed by our body to get enough energy for the reason that it fuels our whole system, which makes us feel full and active. However, eating too many carbohydrates as sugars converted into fats can lead to serious problems such as diabetes and weight gain.


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